Chris Cantell Discusses Science: 30 godi√Ö¬°na misterija na Merkur by Zivka Deleva

Dolgo vreme pomina otkako prviot vselenski brod donese informacii za najvnatrešnata planeta od sončeviot sistem. Misijata Mariner 10 (od 1974 i 1975 godina) slikaše okolu 45% od površinata na planetata i započna so dolgotrajnata debata za geološkata istorija na planetata i misterioznite magnetski polinja.
Ponatamošni interesi za misteriite na Merkur gi donese posledniot NASA vselenski brod MESSEBGER (ME - MErkurova površina, EN - Vselenska okolina, GE - geohemija i rangiranje) vo januari 2008 godina. Podobro pogledna vo veke istraženite i neistraženite oblasti na površinata na Merkur i donese bogatstvo od informacii.
Merkur e edinstvenata druga planeta koja e del od sončeviot sistem osven Zemjata koja ima magnetsko pole. Merenjata izvršeni za vreme na misijata na magnetskoto pole predložuvaat deka magnetskoto pole na Merkur može da se opiše kako pomala verzija na Zemjata.
MESSENGER isto taka go potvrdi postoenjeto na vulkani i nivnoto vlijanie na karakterot na površinata preku geološkata istorija na planetata. Isto taka potvrdi deka na površinata na Merkur ima mnogu malku železo, dodeka korata e mnogu bogata so železo. Otkritijata ja odobruvaat teorijata deka planetata e formirana vo tekot na nekoj drug način vo sporedba so ostanatite planeti od sončeviot sistem.
Poslednoto otkritie pokaža belezi nasekade na površinata što pokažuva namaluvanje na korata na planetata.
Ova e samo prviot let na MESSENGER. Vtoroto i tretoto pominuvanje (vo oktomvri 2008 i septemvri 2009 godina) i podgotveniot godi√Ö¬°en plan za orbitna faza verojatno ke donese poveke informacii od istorijata na najvnatre√Ö¬°nata planeta.

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>

edited by beata Biskova

Chris Cantell behadelt Die Wissenschaft: Autos von Toyota angetrieben durch Solarenergie by Barbora Haramiova

Toyota Motor Corp., die nächstes Jahr die dritte Generation von Hybrid-Autos Prius auf den Markt einführen wird, soll angeblich in einige von ihnen Solarkollektoren einbauen. Allerdings ist es nicht bekannt, wieviele solche Fahrzeuge Toyota produzieren wird, da der Sprecher des Unternehmens es nicht kommentieren wollte.

Solarkollektoren, die von Kyocera Corp geliefert werden, könnten möglicherweise einen Teil der Klimatisierung in den Flanschversionen des benzin-elektrischen Prius antreiben.

Berühmte Auto-Unternehmen, die ihr ökologisches Bewusstsein präsentieren und dadurch mehr Kunden herbeilocken wollen, wetteifern, um alternative Lösungen zu fossilen Anriebsstoffen zu finden und viele von denen arbeiten nun mit Batterieherstellern zusammen, um eine Lithiumionen-Batterie zu entwickeln, um mehr Energie in einer kleineren Packung lagern zu können.

Solarenergie ist wahrscheinlich nicht die beste Lösung. Laut einem Direktor im Japans Wirtschafts-, Handels- und Industrieministerium, Kentaro Endo, wäre es sehr schwer, das ganze Auto mit Solarenergie anzutreiben, auch wenn es eine interessante Idee sei. Solarkollektoren wären auch ziemlich teuer.

In den 90-er Jahren probierte Mazda Motor Corp. die Einsatzmöglichkeit der Solarkollerktoren auf zwei Automodellen aus, es war aber nicht populär und nach ein paar Jahren wurde die Produktion von diesen Autos eingestellt.

Zurzeit bemüht sich Toyota, die Nachfrage nach Prius zu befriedigen, da hohe Spritpreise die Kunden davon abhalten, benzinangetriebene Fahrzeuge zu kaufen. Auch Honda Motor Co. wird nächstes Jahr die Produktion ihrer Hybrid-Autos steigern.

Der Toyota Prius kam 1997 zuerst auf den japanischen Markt und dann wurde er 2000 auch in anderen Ländern verkauft. Die Verkaufszahlen erreichten weltweit eine Million verkaufter Autos und das aktuelle Ziel von Toyota ist, eine Million Hybrid-Autos pro Jahr zu verkaufen.

by Barbora Haramiova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>

edited by Beata Biskova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: A mud snail scaring the scientists by Livia Cseresova

A tiny mud snail found in Lake Michigan is what now scares the scientist. They are concerned that the snail, which is reproducing very fast, might possibly hurt the ecosystem of the lake.

The Illinois Natural History claims that the scientists examined the water samples from Lake Michigan and found a population of the New Zealand mud snail. They grow to just few millimeters, what makes them uneasy to spot.

Kevin Cummings, a scientist working for the Natural History Survey said that the reproduction of snails is very very rapid and they have no natural predators in North America, which means they may spread rapidly and out-compete native invertebrates for food and living space.

The mud snail has been living in huge number in Lake Ontario since early 1990s and also in Lakes Superior and Erie, as said by Rochelle Sturtevant, who is an ecologist with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

It is unknown how the snail will do in Lake Michigan, but the scientists do know that it is native to New Zealand. It is, however, found in several western countries and except Lake Huron, in all the Great Lakes. When it is in the lake, it focuses on boats and also clothes worn by human waders.

Rochelle Sturtevant said that “Where they have gotten into streams in the western part of the country, they have cause a lot of problems. They are taking over space that should have other native species living in it.”

The Great Lakes are the home for many invasive species. According to Stuart, there are now at least 186 invasive species in the lakes.

by Livia Cseresova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>

edited by Beata Biskova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Robot so biološki mozok by Zivka Deleva

Vo čtvrtokot, na 14ti avgust 2008 godina, naučnicite od Univerzitetot Reding vo Anglija objavija deka tie kreirale robot so biološki možok napraven od nevroni na staorci. Robotot e narečen Gordon i negoviot mozok e napraven od kultivirani nevroni koi se smesteni na multi elektrodna površina (MEA). MEA e činija so prilično 60 elektrodi koi sobiraat električni signali koi se generirani od keliite. Ova ponatamu se koristi da se kontrolira dviženjeto na robotot. Koga robotot se približuva kon objektot, signali se proizveduvaat za da go simuliraat mozokot so elektrodite i kako odgovor izvedbata na mozokot e da go vozi trkalata na robotot. Kevin Varvik od Školata za sistemski inženjering izjavi deka "Novoto istražuvanje e navistina vozbudlivo zatoa što kako prvo biološkiot mozok go kotrolira samoto dviženje na robotot i vtoro ke ni ovozmoži da istražuvame kako uči mozokot i kako gi zapamtuva svoite iskusenosti." Naučnicite planiraat da go nateraat robotot da uči, so apliciranje na razni signali koi go dvižat vo razni pozicii. Tie se nadevaat deka nivnata rabota ke vodi kon podobro razbiranje na bolestite kako Alchajmerovata, Parkinsonovata, udarite i mozočnite povredi. "Edno od osnovnite prašanja so koe naučnicite se soočuvaat denes e kako gi povrzuvame aktivnostite na individualnite nevroni so komleksnite odnesuvanja koi gi gledame vo celite organizmi," izjavi Ben Veli, farmacevt na univerzitetot i člen na timot koj go izgradi Gordon. "Ovoj proekt ni dava edinstvena šansa da gledame vo nešto koe može da ni pretstavi kompleksni odnesuvanja, no vo isto vreme da ostaneme navistina blisko vrzani so aktivnosta na individualnite nevroni. Da se nadevame deka ke možeme da gi iskoristime za da izodime del od patot i da odgovorime na nekoi od ovie mnogu važni prašanja."

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Becoming a leader by Barbora Misakova

Probably every one of us wanted to be (at least once in a life) a boss. Doesn't matter if he wanted to be a leader of some bicycle gang, chess club or just some small girlish group. But desire is one thing and reality another. Some of us not only long for this kind of power, but they also got it. Maybe because of their ability to lead other people, because of their ability of speech, maybe they were just very popular or handsome – the point is that leader should be admired for some reason which makes him a boss. Now imagine that your social status could be influenced not only by nature and things you just inherited from your parents, but also by nurture – the things you are eating. Imagine that the food you are eating while you are young could influence your future and your social status. If you now started to think about all kinds of food you had ever eaten, don't worry – this discovery has no connection with human kind! Researchers studying Florida harvester ants led by biologist Andrew Suarez found out, that future of ant is determined by nature as well as by nurture.
While for males there is only one social life consisted of “doing nothing, just mate and die”, for females there are “three social endpoints” said Smith, a former graduate student at the University of Illinois and postdoctoral researcher at Arizona State University. Females can be destined to become queen, major or minor workers. Gynes, as the queen ant is also called, is always the biggest one in the whole ant colony. Scientist were working with eight different ant colonies and testing about 1,200 ants. Except investigating the role of nutrition in determining social status, they also found out that offspring of some fathers were more likely to become gynes than descendants of other males. Biologists were also analyzing the diet of ants when they are in a stage of becoming adults from larvae. The results showed that those ants which had eaten a more carnivorous diet had higher nitrogen content and so they were eating higher on the food chain than major and minor workers. Even though the results are pointing at importance of both nature and nurture, there still some questions remain. One of them is how exactly these two factors work – is it a nature or nurture what can influence social status more, or is it a combination of both factors what determines if the ant is going to be a queen or worker?

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20080819/sc_livescience/keystoantsocialstatusfound;_ylt=AlNIVeFRtuMdYXsuQyATW4ms0NUE

by Barbora Misakova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Counting without words for numbers by Zuzana Zelenakova

How could it be counting without numbers? People whose languages contain numerals can´t even imagine that. In fact there are people who don´t have words for more than one or two. However, according to scientists they are able to recognize the quantity. “We argue that humans possess an innate system for enumeration that doesn´t rely on words,” said Brian Butterworth from the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London. In order to support this idea Butterworth put in comparison two groups of Australian to be more precise Aboriginal kids who don´t have but few number words with children who speak English. 13 English speaking children from Melbourne, 20 Warlpin speaking and 12 Anindilyakwa speaking children between the age of 4 an 7 were involved. Children run through set of tests including sharing meaning they had to distribute several items among toy bears, memory test where they were supposed to remember various numbers of tokens, and others. “We found that Warlpiri and Anindilyakwa children performed as well as or better than the English-speaking children on a range of tasks, and on numerosities up to nine, even though they lacked number words,” concluded Butterworth. The results of the tests were more or less similar for all the groups of children, but none achieved 100 percent. However, there are also skeptic voices. Edward A. Gibson from the department of brain and cognitive sciences at Massachusetts Institute of Technology does not agree with the statement that the understanding of exact numbers doesn´t depend on language. "In order to demonstrate their desired conclusion, the authors would need to evaluate an age group across languages with and without number words, where the participants in the language with number words can succeed in getting close to 100 percent accuracy on the tasks. Then the effects of the absence of number words can be evaluated in the population speaking the language that lacks number words," he said.


related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080819/sc_afp/sciencebritainaustraliaaborigineslanguage;_ylt=Au3Z2CFp9F7lI7PrJ5IxE4ys0NUE

by Zuzana Zelenakova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Túžba byť lídrom by Barbora Misakova

Pravdepodobne každý jeden z nás mal aspoň raz v živote túžbu stať sa lídrom. V skutočnosti nezáležalo na tom, či bude bossom nejakého cyklistického gangu, šachového klubu či len líderkou nejakej malej dievčenskej skupiny. Túžba však býva často na míle vzdialená od skutočnosti. Niektorí z nás však nielenže túžili po takomto sociálnom postavení, ale ho aj dosiahli. Možno to bolo vďaka ich schopnosti viesť ľudí, možno pre ich spôsob vystupovania a reči, možno len preto, že boli populárni či atraktívni. Dôležité však vždy bolo a je, aby daná osoba mala niečo, čo na nej budú ostatní obdivovať, a za čo ju budú uznávať. Teraz si predstavte, že váš sociálny status by mohol byť ovpyvnení nielen prírodou a vlastnosťami, ktoré ste zdedili po svojich rodičoch, no tiež vašou stravou. Predstavte si, že vaša budúcnosť a sociálne postavenie by mohlo byť do značnej miery dané práve tým, čo všetko ste jedli, keď ste boli malí. Ak ste začali teraz celí zdesení spomínať na všetko, čo ste kedy zjedli – neľakajte sa, tento objav sa netýka ľudského plemena, ale mravcov. Výskumníci zaoberajúci sa floridskými mravcami pod vedením biológa Andrewa Suareza zistili, že budúcnosť mravca je determinovaná nielen prírodou, ale aj jeho stravou. Kým sociálny život samčej časti mravenčej populácie má len jednu podobu vo forme “nič nerobenia, len plodenia a umierania”, pre samičky sú tu hneď “tri možnosti sociálneho statusu” povedal Smith, bývalý absolvent Univerzity v Illinois a doktorandský výskumník na Arizonskej štátnej univerzite. Samičky môžu byť predurčené k tomu, aby sa stali buď kráľovnou, hlavným alebo druhoradým robotníkom, pričom mravenčie kráľovné sú vždy tie najväčšie “kusy” v celej mravenčej kolónii. Pri výskume vedci pracovali s osmimi rôznymi mravenčími kolóniami a testovali okolo 1200 mravcov. Okrem skúmania úlohy akú zohráva strava pri deteminovaní sociálneho statusu, tiež zistili, že potomok niektorých mravenčích otcov má väčšiu pravdepodobnosť stať sa kráľovnou, ako potomkovia iných otcov. Biológovia tiež analyzovali stravu mravcov, ktorú dostávali v čase vývoja z larvy na dospelého jedinca. Výsledky ukázali, že tie mravce, ktoré jedli mäsitú potravu, dostávali vyššiu dávku dusíka, a tak boli vyššie na potravinovom reťazci ako oba druhy mravcov robotníkov. Hoci výsledky výskumov ukazujú na dôležitosť oboch faktorov – tak prírody ako potravy, stále zostáva množstvo otázok. Jedna z nich je napríklad ako presne tieto dva faktory pracujú – je to príroda či potrava, ktorá najviac vplýva na sociálny status mravcov, alebo je to kombinácia oboch čo determinuje fakt, či sa z mravca stane kráľovná alebo robotník?


related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20080819/sc_livescience/keystoantsocialstatusfound;_ylt=AlNIVeFRtuMdYXsuQyATW4ms0NUE

by Barbora Misakova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Počítanie bez čísel by Zuzana Zelenakova

Je vôbec možné počítať bez čísel? Ľudia, ktorých jazyky obsahujú číslovku si to veľmi predstaviť nevedia. No v skutočnosti existujú aj takí, ktorí nemajú slová pre viac než jedna alebo dve. Podľa vedcov sú však schopní normálne rozoznávať kvantitu. „Sme presvedčení, že všetci ľudia majú akýsi vnútorný systém vypočítavanie, ktorý nezávisí od slov,“ hovorí Brian Butterworth z neurologického inštitútu University College London (UCL). Aby podložil svoju teóriu Butterworth porovnával dve skupiny austrálskych, lepšie povedané aborigénskych detí, ktoré majú na vyjadrenie počtu len zopár slov, s deťmi, ktoré hovoria po anglicky. Do projektu bolo zapojených 13 anglicky hovoriacich detí z Melbourne, 20 detí hovoriacich jazykom Warlpin a 12 detí hovoriacich jazykom Anindilyakwa vo veku od 4 do 7 rokov. Deti prešli sériou testov vrátane delenia, čo znamená, že museli rovnakým dielom rozdeliť niekoľko predmetov medzi plyšových medveďov, pamäťový test, kedy si museli zapamätať rôzne počty predmetov, a iné. „Prišli sme na to, že čo sa týka úloh, a počtov vyšších než deväť, si deti Warlpiri a Anindilyakwa si počínali rovnako dobre ak nie lepšie ako anglicky hovoriace deti, aj keď nemajú číslovky,“ uzavrel Butterworth. Všetky skupiny detí mali približne rovnaké výsledky testov, no žiadna nedosiahla 100 percent. Ozvali sa však aj skeptické hlasy. Edward A. Gibson z Massachusettského technologického inštitútu nesúhlasí s tvrdením, že chápanie konkrétneho počtu nezávisí od jazyka. „Aby dôveryhodne podložili svoju teóriu, museli by autori tejto štúdie pracovať s určitými vekovými skupinami s aj bez jazyka, ktorý obsahuje číslovky, a kde by účastníci, ktorí číslovky poznajú, dokázali priblížiť k 100 percentnej úspešnosti. Tak by sa dal vyhodnotiť vplyv absencie čísloviek pri národnostiach, ktorých jazyk tieto slová nepozná,“ povedal Gibson.


related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080819/sc_afp/sciencebritainaustraliaaborigineslanguage;_ylt=Au3Z2CFp9F7lI7PrJ5IxE4ys0NUE

by Zuzana Zelenakova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Kalliv polžav gi plaši naučnicite by Zivka Deleva

Mal kalliv polžav najden vo ezeroto Mičigen e ona što sega gi plaši naučnicite. Tie se zagriženi deka polžavot, koj se reproducira mnogu brzo, može da mu našteti na ekosistemot na ezeroto.

Centarot za prirodna istorija vo Ilinois tvrdi deka naučnicite proučile primeroci od vodata vo ezeroto Mičigen i našle populacija od novozelandskiot kalliv polžav. Tie rastat samo po nekolku milimetri, što gi pravi teški za pronaoganje.

Kevin Kamings, naučnik koj raboti za Centarot za istražuvanje na prirodnata istorija veli deka reprodukvijata na polžavite e tolku brza i tie nemaat prirodni grablivci vo Severna Amerika, što znači tie može da se raširat brzo i da gi nadminat domašnite bezrbetnici za hrana i prostor za živeenje.

Kalliviot polžav živee vo golem broj vo ezeroto Ontario od ranite 1900ti i isto taka vo ezerata Superior i Erie, kako što Rošele Sturtvant reče, ekolog vo Laboratorijata za naučno istražuvanje pri Nacionalnata Okeanografska i Atmosferska Administracija za Golemite Ezera vo Ann Arbor, Mičigen.

Ne e poznato kako polžavot ke se razviva vo ezeroto Mičigen, no naučnicite znaat deka poteknuva od Nov Zeland. Najden e vo nekolku zapadni državi i opsven vo ezeroto Huron, vo site ostanati Golemi Ezera. Koga e vo ezeroto, se fokusira na brodovite i na oblekata nosena od lugeto kako i na gumenite čizmi.

Rošel Sturtvant izjavi deka "Kade i da se našle vo zapadnite delovi od zemjata tie predizvikale problemi. Tie go prezemaat prostorot vo koi treba da živeat domorodnite vidovi."

Golemite ezera se dom za mnogu invazivni vidovi. Spored Stjuart, sega ima okolu 186 osvojuvački vidovi vo ezerata.

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Oktopodite imaat 6 race i 2 noze by Zivka Deleva

Berlin, četvrtok, 14ti avgust - Nova studija e objavena vo četvrtokot od vodnite istražuvači koja donese interesni rezultati. Naučnicite analizirale podatoci od 2000 obzervatorii od vidovi oktopodi da postignat rezultati deka 8te pipki na oktopodite se delat na 6 "race" i 2 "noze". "Suštestvata se čini deka preferiraat da gi koristat prvite tri para pipki za grabnuvanje i koristenje na predmetite," izjavija od Akvariumite Morski život. Biolozite pretpostavuvaat, deka prednite 6 pipki na oktopodite ja prezemaat funkcijata na race, dodeka zadnite dva se koristat kako noze. Opšto, oktopodite se smetaat za najinteligentnite bezrbetnici na svetot i se isto taka sposobni da koristat i grabnuvaat alati so svoite pipki za cicanje.
Sprovedenata studija isto taka pokaža dali oktopodite ja preferiraat ednata ili drugata strana poveke. Za razlika od lugeto, naučnicite došle do rezultatot deka oktopodite se vešti, no vo isto vreme mnogumina se čini deka ja preferiraat svojata treta raka odnapred vo procesot na hranenje. "Lugeto otsekogaš pretpostavuvale deka oktopodite go koordiniraat grabnuvanjeto preku vizuelni podatoci. Ova se čini točno. Koga očite se slabi, drugata strana od racete se preferira. Ovie otkritija može da pomognat da se podobri grižata za bolnite oktopodi so toa što ke im se ovozmoži hranenje od pravilnata strana," izjavi Valensiak.
Dvete zadni pipki koristeni kako noze im pomagaat na oktopodite da se potturnat koga tie sakaat da plivaat, a potoa ostanatite predni pipki se koristat za da se dvižat. No iako suštestvata treba da se dvižat pobrzo tie samo ispaluvaat istrel vo vodata od otvorot vo nivnoto telo.

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Seba rozliÅ¡ovanie nie je výsada iba vyšších primátov. Straky v teste so zrkadlom dosiahli výsledky hodné Å¡imp

''Straky, ako jediné z vtákov preukázali schopnosÅ¥ seba rozpoznania'', zverejnil tento týždeň vedecký časopis PloS Biology. Skupina nemeckých vedcov vtáky podrobila experimentu so zrkadlom, pri ktorom sa ukázalo, že väčšina testovaných zvierat na obraz nereagovala ako na druhé zviera, ale práve naopak.

Správa podobného kalibru môže maÅ¥ fantastický dopad na rekonÅ¡trukciu evolučnej línie vlastného vedomia u živočíchov. Fakt, že niekoľko druhov vtákov by mohlo podobné vlastnosti 'vyšších primátov' preukazovaÅ¥, vnáša chaos do súčasne platnej teórie o jednej línii. Podľa nej sa vtáky a cicavce vyvinuli zo spoločného predchodcu v dobe niečo pred 300,000 rokmi. Ich vtedy jednoduchý mozog sa vÅ¡ak začal vyvíjaÅ¥ nezávislo od toho druhého, pričom sa cicavcom začala tvoriÅ¥ brázdená Å¡edá kôra mozgová, tzv. neokortex, ktorá je nositeľom viacerých vyspelých funkcií, medzi iným, aj vedomia. Mozog cicavcov sa zväčšoval a komplikoval, čím vyústil do línie človeka. Vtáky v ohľade mozgových schopností dávno zaostali. A napriek tomu sa táto schopnosÅ¥ objavila práve tu, poukazuje, že vedomie u vtákov pracuje na inom princípe, keďže neokortex postrádajú.

Straka (Pica), vták z čeľade krkavcovitých (Corvidae) je už oddávna považovaný za prirodzene inteligentné, ak nie prefíkané zviera. Pre svoje 'rozumové' schopnosti si vyslúžila miesto v legendách, bájkach a iných príbehoch. Pravdou je že okrem rodičovskej starostlivosti, preukazuje aj isté 'remeselné' schopnosti, či už pri stavbe hniezda alebo získavaní potravy. V predchádzajúcich experimentoch straka dokázala zobákom ohnúť kus drôtu, ktorý potom umne zapracovala do konÅ¡trukcie hniezda, takisto ním vylovila potravu z dna hlbokej trúbky.

Skupina pod vedením Helmuta Priora, z InÅ¡titútu psychológie na Goetheho Univerzite vo Frankfurte opakovane vystavila päticu vtákov pohľadu do zrkadla. Vtáky predtým označila žltými či červenými bodkami tak, aby neboli viditeľné priamo na tele, ale až v zrkadle. Výsledky odhalili, že tri z piatich testovaných zvierat po zhliadnutí vlastného obrazu veľmi skoro znížilo typické spoločenské správanie.
Obraz v zrkadle, či hladine u drvivej väčšiny druhov vyvolal rôzne reakcie od snahy o priblíženie sa k 'novému' zvieraÅ¥u, tanec či dokonca útok. Tieto výsledky posilnili teóriu, že zvieratá si vlastný obraz neuvedomili.

Tri z piatich strák sa teda namiesto očakávaného konceptu zastavili a začali si obraz pozorne prehliadaÅ¥. Niektoré z nich sa dokonca pozerali aj za zrkadlo. Keď zbadali farebné body, začali sa ich dotýkaÅ¥ nie na ploche zrkadla, ale na vlastnom tele. Tri z piatich zvierat zrkadlo použilo ako nástroj na odstránenie farebnej Å¡kvrny. Neskôr strávili relatívne dosÅ¥ času obzeraním sa v zrkadle. Zvieratá si mohli vybraÅ¥ medzi dvoma stenami klietky, pričom jedna bola vyplnená zrkadlom a tá druhá hladkou, avÅ¡ak nereflexnou plochou. ZvyÅ¡ná dvojica, ktorá na svoj obraz útočila, sa čoskoro presunula na druhú stranu, pričom sa dlhodobo snažila vyhnúť priamemu pohľadu do zrkadla.

Napriek tomu, že reakcie boli rozličné, poukázali na to, že niektoré z týchto, azda inteligenčne najvyvinutejších vtákov s relatívne veľkým mozgom, schopnosÅ¥ alebo predpoklad seba rozliÅ¡ovania naozaj majú.




related story: http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202

by Milota Sidorova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Evolution Self Conscience Line Theory Seems to be Broken. Magpies Proved to Recognize Themselves in the Mirror. by Milota Sidorova

Magpies tend to have self recognition skills, reported journal Plos Biology this week. Group of German scientists provided mirror test in which major part of subjects recognized themselves as individuals not the other animal.
Peeking around, this can be more than fantastic hint to develop and reconstruct the evolution line, ending up with humans as fully conscious species.

The fact that even few of birds have ability to recognize themselves crosses previous theory, linked with the only one evolution line, where self conscience appeared only within few species of higher mammals like dolphins, elephants, chimpanzees and orangutans. Birds, that had the same ancestor with mammals for about 300,000 years ago seem to create more divided self conscience line.
Still, those skills have appeared only within the smartest crow family.

However, until now, the ability of self conscience has been marked up with structured brain neocortex, peculiar only to mammals. Magpies as well as the rest of the birds do not have neocortex – so the mechanism tends to work in different way in this case.

Magpies, known as one of the smartest birds in the world, that had already taken their places in lot of fairy tales are social behaving birds. Except of parental care they show tool making skills, specially in case of nest building. Last year it was magpie, that curved wire into hook to build up its place. Magpies are able to even lift food from the table.

During the experiment five magpies were exposed to mirror several times. Scientists had marked them with a red and a yellow dot, that couldn't be seen directly, but in the mirror. Results were more than surprising. Three of five animals decreased social behavior, when exposed in front of the mirror.
Experiment with other species proved social behavior like dancing, observing and trying to attack the image. This could lead into a thesis, the animal didn't recognize its image, it has recognized it as the other individual.
Three of five magpies decreased social behavior and spent more time observing the image. Finally, when seen the hidden dots, they begun to touch and scratch it, not on the image, but on their own bodies.
Animals could choose between two corners of the cage, one with a mirror, the second with a non reflective plate. The rest of the group spent more time in front of the second corner, trying to avoid direct look into the mirror.

The reactions were different, but showed that some of them do have their self recognition skills better developed.
Magpies, on the contrary to the rest of bird group have more differed and bigger brain, that consequently raises the possibility to be smarter.


related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080819/sc_nm/magpies_mirrohttp://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202

by Milota Sidorova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Na Sahare objavili prastarý cintorín by Martina Janeckova

Paul Sereno z chicagskej univerzity a jeho kolegovia hľadali v Nigeri pozostatky dinosaurov, keď sa im podarilo nájsť pozostatky cintorína. Detaily o objave poskytli na tlačovej konferencii 14. augusta 2008. V rokoch 2005 a 2006 sa na tomto mieste našlo približne 200 ľudských hrobov a tiež pozostatky zvierat, ktoré ale nežijú v púšti. Helene Jousse, zooarcheologička z múzea prírodnej histórie vo Viedni, Rakúsko povedala, že tu nájdené kosti zvierat boli z druhov dnes bežných pre oblasť Serengeti v Keni, ako napr. slony, žirafy, byvolce stepné a svine bradavičnaté. Sereno povedal, že zistili, že sú v zelenej Sahare. Cintorín sa nachádza v regióne Gobero, v nigerskej púšti Tenere, ale v tom čase tam pravdepodobne mohlo byť jazero. Ľudské pozostatky pochádzajú z 2 vzdialených populácií, ktoré tu žili počas daždivých období, medzi ktorými bolo obdobie sucha. Prvá skupina, nazývaná Kiffian, kolonizovala Saharu pred 10,000 až 8,000 rokmi. Chris Stojanowski, bioarcheológ z Arizonskej štátnej univerzity povedal, že ryhy na stehennej kosti muža zo skupiny Kiffian ukazujú, že mal na nohách veľké svaly, „čo naznačuje, že jedol veľa proteínov a mal aktívny a náročný životný štýl.“ Druhá skupina, nazývaná Tenerians, tu žila pred 7,000 až 4,500 rokmi. Teneriánci boli menší a mali zmiešanú ekonomiku zahŕňajúcu lov, rybárčenie a chov dobytka. Hroby často obsahovali šperky alebo rituálne polohy. Napríklad zrnká peľu nám ukazujú, že žena a dve deti boli pochované na posteli z kvetov. Zatiaľ čo dnes je Sahara púšťou, v dávnych dobách v dôsledku malého rozdielu v obežnej dráhe Zeme sezónne monzúny zavlažovali krajinu a priťahovali ľudí aj zvieratá.

by Martina Janeckova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Ancient cemetery found in Sahara by Martina Janeckova

Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago and his colleagues were searching for the remains of dinosaurs in Niger when they found remains of cemetery. The details were provided at a news conference on August 14, 2008. Approximately 200 graves of humans were found at the site in 2005 and 2006 as well as remains of animals, which don’t live in the desert. Helene Jousse, a zooarchaeologist from the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, Austria said that the animal bones found here were from types common today in the Serengeti, Kenya, such as elephants, giraffes, hartebeests and warthogs. Sereno said they realized they were in the green Sahara. The graveyard is situated in a region called Gobero, in Niger’s Tenere Desert, but at that time there would have been a lake. The human remains dated from 2 distinct populations that lived there during wet times, with a dry period between. The first group, called Kiffian, colonized Sahara between 10.000 and 8.000 years ago. Chris Stojanowski, a bioarcheologist from Arizona State University said ridges on the thigh bone of one Kiffian man show he had huge leg muscles, “which suggests he was eating a lot of protein and had an active, strenuous lifestyle.” The second group, called Tenerians lived there between 7.000 and 4.500 years ago. The Tenerians were smaller and had a mixed economy of hunting, fishing and cattle herding. The burials often included jewelry or ritual poses. For instance pollen remains show a woman and two children were buried on a bed of flowers. While Sahara is a desert today, earlier because of small difference in Earth’s orbit seasonal monsoons wetted the landscape and attracted people and animals.

by Martina Janeckova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Broenje zborovi za brojki by Zivka Deleva

Kako možeme da broime bez brojki? Lugeto čii jazici sodržat brojki ne može da go zamislat toa. Vsušnost postojat luge koi nemaat poveke zborovi otkolku za eden ili dva. Kako i da e, spored naučnicite tie se sposobni da prepoznaat kvantitet. "Tvrdime deka lugeto poseduvaat vroden sistem za enumeracija koj ne se potpira na zborovi," izjavi Brajan Batervurt od Institutot za kognitivna nevrologija na Univerzitetot Koledz vo London. So cel da se poddrži ovaa ideja Batervurt sporeduvaše dve grupi avstralijanci, da bidam poprecizna, aboridzinski deca koi imaat samo nekolku brojki so deca koi zboruvaat angliski. 13 deca koi zboruvaat angliski od Melburn, 20 koi zboruvaat varlpin i 12 deca koi zboruvaat anindiljakva od vozrast od 4 do 7 bea vklučeni. Decata pominaa niz grupa testiranja vklučuvajki go i značenjeto na terminot delenje koga trebaše da distribuiraat nekolku predmeti pomegu igrački mečinja, test za memorija kade tie trebaše da zapametat razni brojni belezi i drugo. "Pronajdovme deka varlpiri i anindilkakva decata izvedoa tolku dobro, a duri i podobro kako i decata koi zboruvaat angliski na golem rank na zadači, i broenja da 9, i pokraj toa što tie nemaat zborovi za broevite," zakluči Batervurt. Rezultatite od testovite bea pomalku ili poveke slični za site deca, no nikoj ne go izrabotil testot 100 procentno. Kako i da e, isto taka ima skeptični glasovi. Edvard A. Gibson od oddelot za mozok i kognitivni nauki na Institutot za tehnologija vo Masačusets ne se soglasuva so izjavata deka razbiranjeto na točnite brojki ne zavisi od jazikot. "So cel da go demonstrirame posakuvaniot zaklučok, avtorite treba da ocenuvaat vozrasna grupa od deca koi voopšto nemaat zborovi za brojki vo nivnite jazici, kade učesnicite so zborovi za brojkite ke imaat možnost da napravat 100 procentna preciznost. Togaš efektite od nedostigot na zborovite koi značat broj ke može da bidat oceneti vo populacijata koja ima takov jazik vo koj nedostigaat vakvite zborovi," izjavi toj.

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080819/sc_afp/sciencebritainaustraliaaborigineslanguage;_ylt=Au3Z2CFp9F7lI7PrJ5IxE4ys0NUE

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Stanuvajki lider by Zivka Deleva

Verojatno sekoj od nas (barem ednaš vo životot) sakal da stane šef. Ne e važno dali toj sakal da stane lider na nekoja velosipedska banda, šahovski klub ili na nekoja mala devojčinska grupa. No želbata e edna rabota, a realnosta druga. Nekoi od nas ne samo što kopneat po vakov vid mok, no isto taka ja imaat. Možebi nivnata sposobnost da vodat drugi luge, poradi nivnata sposobnost da govorat, možebi ednostavno bile popularni i ubavi - poentata e deka liderot treba da bide cenet od nekoja pričina koja go pravi šef. Sega zamislete deka vašiot socijalen status može da bidat pod vlijanie ne samo od prirodata i rabotite koi sme gi nasledile od roditelite, no isto taka i od načinot na ishrana - rabotite koi gi jademe. Zamislete deka hranata koja ja jadete dodeka ste mladi može da vlijae na vašata idnina i vašiot socijalen status. Ako sega započnete da razmisluvate za site vidovi hrana koi nekogaš ste gi jadele, ne grižete se - ova otkritie nema vrska so čovečkiot vid! Nučnicite proučuvajki gi žetvenite mravki na Florida vodeni od biologot Endrju Suarez otkrile, deka idninata na mravkite e odredena od prirodata kako i od ishranata.
Dodeka za maškite ima samo eden socijalen život koj se sodrži od "ne pravenje ništo, samo plodenje i umiranje," za ženkite ima "tri socijalni krajni točki" izjavi Smit, poranešen diplomiran student od Univerzitot vo Ilinois i postdoktorantski istražuvač na Arizona državniot univerzitet. Ženkite može da imaat predodredeno da stanat kralici, pomali ili pogolemi rabotnici. Gines, kako što poinaku e narečena kralicata mravka, e sekogaš najgolemata vo celata mravja kolonija. Naučnicite rabotea so 8 različni mravji kolonii, testirajki okolu 1200 mravki. Osven istražuvajeto na ulogata na ishranata vo odreduvanje na socijalniot status, tie isto taka otkrija deka novorodenčinjata na nekoi tatkovci imaat pogolemi šansi da stanat gines otkolku sledbenicite na drugi mažjaci. Biolozite isto taka go analiziraa načinot na ishrana na mravkite koga tie se vo faza na stanuvanje vozrasni od larvi. Rezultatite pokažaa deka onie mravki koi jadele poveke meso imaat povisoko nivo na azot i tie jadat povisoko na sindzirot na ishrana od poveketo pogolemi i pomali rabotnici. I pokraj toa što rezultatite ukažuvaat i na prirodata i načinot na ishrana, sé ušte ostanuvaat nekoi prašanja. Edno od niv e kako ovie dva faktori funkcioniraat - dali e priroda ili ishrana ona što vlijae na socijalniot status poveke, ili e kombinacija na dvata faktori toa što ja odreduva sudbinata na mravkata dali ke bide kralica ili rabotnik?

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20080819/sc_livescience/keystoantsocialstatusfound;_ylt=AlNIVeFRtuMdYXsuQyATW4ms0NUE

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Do you remember me? by Barbora Misakova

Walking down the street full of people. People standing near the news stand, people sitting at the coffee terraces or benches. People are just everywhere you look. As you are walking through this crowd something catches your eye. You noticed one familiar face in this big group of foreign and unknown faces. And even though you don't know who that person is, you know for sure, that you have already seen his or her face somewhere. You can't remember where did you meet this person, and you hardly can remember her name, but you remember the most important thing – the face. How is it possible that we are remembering faces of people we met just once in our life? Or why is it such a problem to remember the name of a person when we have no problems with recognition his or her face among lot of other faces? Neuroscientists know the answer – fusiform face area.

Scientists found out that in our brain there is one pea-sized region which reacts more strongly to faces than any other objects – fusiform face area or FFA. Cars, dogs, houses or body parts are then hardly to recognize because, as the scientists say, FFA is specialized system which is dedicated to processing faces. So what is the FFA? FFA system is a small area of our brain which lies halfway back in the head. Most of the people have two FFAs – one on the right and one on the left side of the head, but the right one is dominant. Researchers say that the answer on a question “Why are we able to recognize faces?” lies in the evolution. They say that primates and humans had their brains developed for easy and quick spotting of friend and foe which helped our primate ancestors to stay alive. Scientists identified the FFA ten years ago when they were scanning human and monkey brains with functional magnetic resonance imaging (also called fMRI). These days fMRI enables them to zoom in and study brain tissue even closer than it was before. As Kalanit Grill-Spector, a neuroscientist at Stanford University in Palo Alto said “it's like viewing grains of sugar rather than the whole cube.” Except understanding how we are able to recognize faces, this discovery can help with preventing or treating depression, autism or social disorders.

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080821/wl_mcclatchy/3024518;_ylt=AlPD.XUrDqrpE8RItMAO4aGs0NUE

by Barbora Misakova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Teorijata za evolucija na samo svesnosta se čini skršena. Magpies dokažaa deka možat da se poznaat sebesi vo ogledalo

Magpies se čini deka imaat veština na samo priznavanje, izvesti žurnalot Plos Biologz ovaa nedela. Grupa germanski naučnici sprovedoa test so ogledalo vo koe pogolemiot del od ispitanicite se prepoznaa sebesi kako individui, a ne kako drugi životni.
Razgleduvajki na site strani ova može da bide fantastična pomoš da se razvie i rekonstruira evolutivnata linija, završuvajki so lugeto kako kompletno svesni vidovi.

Faktot deka duri i nekoi ptici ja imaat sposobnosta da se prepoznaat sebesi ja prekrstuva prethodnata teorija, povrzana so edinstvenata evolutivna linija, kade samo svesnosta se pojavuva samo vo nekolku vidovi od povisok stepen na cicačite kako delfinite, slonovite, šimpanzata i orangutanite. Pticite, koi go imale istiot predok kako i cicačite od pred 300000 godini se čini deka sozdavaat podelena samosvesna linija. Sepak, vakvite veštini se pojavile samo kaj najpametnite gavrani.

Kako i da e, dosega, sposobnosta za samospoznavanje e označena so strukturiran mozočen neokorteks, tipičen za cicačite. Magpies kako i ostanatite ptici nemaat neokorteks - taka što mehanizmot raboti na poinakov način vo ovoj slučaj.

Magpie, poznati kako najpametni ptici na svetot, koi veke se odneseni na mnogu mesta vo bajkite se druželjubivi ptici. Osven roditelskata griža tie pokažuvaat veština za pravenje alatki, osobeno vo slučaj na gradenje na gnezdo. Poslednata godina magpie iskrivi cela žica koja ja vmetna vo gradbata na svoeto živealište.
Tie se sposobni duri i da podignat hrana od masata.

Za vreme na eksperimentot 5 ptici se izloženi pred ogledalo nekolku pati. Naučnicite gi obeležale so crveni i žolti točki, koi ne možele da bidat videni direktno, tuku vo ogledaloto. Rezultatite bile poveke od iznenaduvački. Tri od pette ptici go namalile stepenot na druželjubivost, koga bile izloženi pred ogledalo.
Ekperimentite so drugi vidovi dokažalo odnesuvanje kako tancuvanje, nabljuduvanje i obid da se napadne slikata. Ova može da vodi kon tezata deka životnite ne ja prepoznavaat svojata slika, tuku se prepoznavaat kako drugi individui.
Tri od pette ptici se povlekle i pominale poveke vreme nabljuduvajki ja slikata. Konečno, koga gi videle skrienite točki, započnale da gi dopiraat i da se češaat, no ne na slikata tuku na svoite tela.
Životnite može da odberat pomegu dva agli na kafezot, eden so ogledalo, i vtoriot so nereflektivna ploča. Ostatokot od grupata pominal poveke vreme vo vtoriot agol, obiduvajki se da izbegne direkten pogled vo ogledaloto.
Reakciite bile različni, no pokažale deka nekoi od niv imaat sposobnost da se prepoznaat. Magpies, za razlika od ostanatite ptici, imaat mnogu pogolem mozok, što posledovatelno ja zgolemuva možnosta da bidat popametni.

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080819/sc_nm/magpies_mirrohttp://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Prastari grobišta pronajdeni vo Sahara by Zivka Deleva

Pol Serano od Univezitetot vo Čikago i negovite kolegi baraa ostatoci od dinosaurusi vo Niger koga najdoa ostatoci od grobišta. Detalite bea otkrieni na pres konferencijata na 14 avgust 2008 godina. Otprilika 200 čovečki grobovi se najdeni na lokacijata pomegu 2005 i 2006 godina kako i ostatoci od životni, koi ne živeat vo pustina. Helen Dzus, zooarheolog od Muzejot za prirodna istorija vo Viena, Avstrija izjavi deka koskite od životnite koi se pronajdeni se voobičaeni denes vo Serengeti, Kenija, kako slonovi, žirafi, eleni i nosorozi. Serano izjavi deka tie bile vo zelenata Sahara. Grobištata e locirana vo regionot narečen Gobero, vo pustinata Tenere vo Niger, no vo toa vreme tamu imalo ezero verojatno. Čovečkite ostatoci datiraat pomegu 2 odredeni populacii koi živeele tamu za vreme na vodenite vreminja, so suv period pomegu. Prvata grupa, narečena Kifan, ja kolonizirala Sahara pred 10000 i 8000 godini. Kris Stojanovski, bioarheolog od Arizona državniot univerzitet veli deka brazdite na koskite na Kifanski čovk pokažuvaat deka tie imale ogromni nožni muskuli, "što pak samo po sebe pretpostavuva deka tie jadele mnogu proteini i imale aktiven, energičn životen stil." Vtorata grupa, narečena Tenerians živeela tamu pred 7000 i 4500 godini. Tereniancite bile pomali i imale mešana ekonomija na lovenje, ribolovenje i odgleduvanje na stada. Pogrebuvanjata obično vklučuvale nakit ili ritualni pozi. Na primer, ostatocite od polenot pokažuvaat deka ženata i dve deca bile zakopani na krevet so cvekinja. Dodeka Sahara e pustina denes, porano poradi malata razlika vo Orbitata na Zemjata sezonski monsuni go natopuvale prostorot i gi privlekuvale lugeto i životnite.

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>


posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Tojota da dodade solarna energija na avtomobilite by Zivka Deleva

Tojota Motor Corp. koja ke ja lansira tretata generacija Prius hibridni avtomobili slednata godina,
kako Å¡to se pretpostavuva ke instalira solarni paneli na nekoi od niv.
No ne e jasno, kako i da e, kolku od niv ke gi proizvede Tojota, poradi toa Å¡to
portparolot na kompanijata odbi da komentira za toa.
Solarnite paneli, nabaveni od strana na Kyocera Corp. e možno da možat da ja napojuvaat klimata na visoko
kvalificiranite verzii na benzino-električnite Prius. Poznatite avtomobilski kompanii,
koi sakaat da izgledaat svesni i da pridobijat poveke klienti, se natprevaruvaat da sozdadat alternativni
rešenija za koristenje na fosilni goriva i mnogu od niv sega sorabotuvaat so proizvoditelite na baterii
so cel da proizvedat litium-jonski baterii koi ke može da soberat poveke energija vo pomali pakuvanja. Solarnata
energija verojatno ne e najdobroto rešenie. Spored direktorot na Japonskoto ministerstvo źa ekonomija, trgovija i industrija,
Kentaro Endo, napojuvanje na cel avtomobil so solarna energija bi bilo mnogu teško, i pokraj toa što e
interesna ideja. Solarnite paneli isto taka bi bile mnogu skapi. Vo 1990 Mazda Motor Corp. ja proba opcijata so solarni
paneli na dva modeli na avtomobili, no ne bea popularni i taka go prekinaa proizvodstvoto
posle nekolku godini. Tojota momentalno se obiduva da ja obezbedi pobaruvačkata za Prius so rastot na cenite na benzninot koi gi
obeshrabruvaat klientite da kupuvaat vozila koi koristat benzin. Honda Motor Co isto taka ke go zgolemi proizvodstvoto
na hibridni avtomobili slednata godina. Tojota Prius prv pat počna da se prodava vo 1997 godina vo Japonija, a posle vo 2000 godina vo
drugite državi. Prodažbata stigna do brojka od 1 milion nasekade niz svetot, a momentalnata cel na Tojota e
da prodava po 1 milion hibridni vozila sekoja godina.

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Dožd od dijamanti za vreme na Ledenata doba by Zivka Deleva

Novite istražuvanja pokažaa deka skapocenite metali i dijamanti koi se najdeni vo Indijana i Ohajo se doneseni ovde od Kanada pred iljadnici godini, no nikoj ne znae točno kako, zatoa što nitu Ohajo, nitu Indijana nema rudnici so ovie metali.
Ima nekolku teorii, koi može da go dokažat dviženjeto na ovie skapoceni kamenja.
Prvata e deka site ovie raboti se isfrleni visoko vo vozduhot za vreme na golemiot udar, ili vtorata e deka site dijamanti i skapoceni metali se doneseni od rekite so topenje na site glečeri.

I kako ovie dijamanti poteknale? Pred okolu 12900 godini, golema kometa se rušila nad Kanada i sé se pretvorilo vo plamen. Ovoj nastan e konzistenten so druga teorija od West i kolegite. Tie isto taka deka vo ova vreme 3 milji široka kometa padnala na Zemjata i oštetila golem del od nea. Nekoi od dijamantite bile tolku mali, što ne možele da se vidat so golo oko i tie možele da bidat vdišani od životnite zatoa što nivnata golemina bila kako onaa na virus od nastinka. No onie drugite, bile dovolno golemi da te povredat.

Kako i da e, ovaa kometa ne donela samo dijamanti. Poradi golemata toplina, site šumi, Kanadskite trevnici, životnite pa duri i lugeto bile ubieni od požarot predizvikan od povekekratnite vozdušni eksplozii.

Eventualno, klimata na krajot na poslednata Ledena doba se promenila isto taka. Vremeto se oladilo i nenadejna ladna eksplozija se pojavila. No se razbira, dosega ova se edinstvenite teorii, i site istražuvači se daleku od dokažuvanje deka ovie dva nastani imaat vrska pomegu sebe. Zatoa tie ke ja ponudat na naučen magazin prvo.

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Astronauts handle explosives on daring spacewalk by Paulina Neshybova

On Thursday two space station Russian astronauts Sergei Volkov and Oleg Kononenko had to handle with dangerous problems. During a daring sapcewalk these two men disconnected an explosive bolt from their capsule which had a force of a fireracker.
Immediately they put it into a blast-proof container which should protect the bolt from explosing as it is made of stainless steel. Before their journey to disable the bolt, mission controllers from Moscow told them several times they do not have to fear, becuase the bold according to them is safe, it would not blow and what is more important they need it for their return on the Earth in autumn in Sayuz.
However, interesting is that they warned them several times to be careful with handling the bolt. NASA engineers were convinced that it is not dangerous and they fully adjusted their action while removing the shiny insulation with a serrated knife. After that they are supposed to send it to the international space station where it would be stocked until their return to Earth. Also the director of Russian Mission Control was sure about the safety of this action. He told them that the bold could withstand a lot more than a hit with a hammer.
According to the two Russian astronauts this was really a messy job, as they could be hurt by the floating insulation and the knife, which could perforate their siuts or gloves. In the capsule on the board was also the only American Gregory Chamitoff who for the 6hours waiting for them if they needed help with joining him in the capsule.
NASA has a real interest in Soyuz becuase it sometimes take also the Americans into the space stations until 2015 when they would have new rocketship carrying them.

by Paulina Neshybova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>


posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Astronauti manipulujú s výbušninami na nebezpečnej obchôdzke by Paulina Neshybova

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – V odvážnom pochode vo vesmíre, dvaja astronauti z vesmírnej stanice sa dostali do izolačky pri ich zostupe vesmírnou kabínou vo štvrtok a odstránili vybuchujúcu zástrčku ktorá by mohla roztrhnúť ich ruky so silou ohňostroja.
Astronautom Sergei Volkovi a Oleg Kononenkovi sa nakoniec podarilo bezpečne odpojiť zástrčku z ich vesmírnej kabíny Soyuz, ktorá bude ich vozidlom smerom domov na jeseň. Okamžite ho vsunuli do obalu odolnému voči výbuchom.
"Už je to tam," zavolal jeden z ruských kozmonautov.
"Dobre. Vďaka Bohu," niekto odpovedal v ruštine.
Pred týmto pochodom vo voľnom vesmíre, kontrolóri letu v Moskve uistili Volkova a Kononenka, že tá zástrčka by nevybuchla a že táto bezpríkladná práca by im pomohla zaistiť bezbečný návrat na Zem v Soyuze. Napriek tomu, Kontrolná Misia im opakovane zdôrazňovala aby boli opatrní keďže pracujú s výbušninou.
" Neponáhľajte sa ," varovala ich Kontrolná Misia. "Buďte opatrní; prosím buďte opatrní. "
NASA povedalo, že ich vlastní inžinieri boli presvedčení, že astronauti neboli v žiadnom nebezpečenstve, a že bolo celkom v poriadku a dobré pre nich, že dali výbušnú zástrčku do ochranného obalu a zobrali ju na medzinárodnú vesmírnu stanicu kvôli konečnému návratu na Zem.
Dva posledné zostupy boli príkre samozrejme a Ruská Vesmírna Agentúra chce predísť problémom keď sa Volkov a Konenko vrátia domov v októbri. Kabína tejto kozmickej lode je aktuálne umiestnená vo vesmírnej stanici prevezúc týchto dvoch Rusov v apríli.
Kononenko použil zúbkovaný nôž aby odstránil tenkú žiarivú izoláciu obklopujúcu zástrčku – nástroj za normálnych okolností nepoužívaný astronautmi kvôli pravdepodobnosti roztrhnutia ich tlakových oblekov a rukavíc. Bola to špinavá práca, s úlomkami mnohovrstvovej izolácie vznášajúcej sa všade naokolo.
Ďalej, astronauti nainštalovali zariadenia aby eliminovali statickú elektrinu. Potom Volkov vytiahol francúzsky kľúč a odstránil pyrotechnickú zástrčku, jednu z 10tich používaných na oddelenie dvoch častí modulu počas vstupu.
Počas zostupov Soyuzu tohto apríla a októbra 2007, sa tieto dve sekcie neoddelili poriadne, vedúc tým k tzv. balistickým vstupom, ktoré vystavili posádku ďaleko väčším gravitačným silám než je normálne.
Ruskí inžinieri pochybovali, že by tieto výbušné zástrčky vybuchli. Odpojením zástrčiek v tejto lokalite tam by nemali byť už žiadne mechanické nežiadúce zastavenia počas októbrového zostupu, povedali vládni úradníci
Jediný Američan na palube, Gregory Chamitoff, bol vnútri Soyuzu počas celých tých 6hodín vesmírneho výstupu v prípade pohotovosti požadovanej dvoma Rusmi aby sa k nemu pripojili do kabíny. Chamitoff vzal so sebou knihy, hudbu a laptop , aby prečkal ten čas a mohol počuť všetko čo sa dialo.
Každá pyrotechnická zástrčka má silu veľkej M-80 výbušniny, povedali funkcionári NASA.
Vysoko cenený letecký riaditeľ Ruskej Misijnej Kontroly mimo Moskvy povedal posádke v stredu, že zástrčka mohla odolať šokom 100krát silnejším než je sila gravitácie a nevybuchla by, aj keď by ju udreli s kladivom „ Nemali by ste sa vôbec znepokojovať,“ povedal. .
Plášť odolný výbuchu je vyrobený z nehrdzavejúcej ocele. Keď už je raz v kontajneri, zástrčka tam ostane až do návratu na Zem na palube Soyuzu kvôli analýze.
"Snívame o mnohých divokých veciach, ktoré by sme radi spravili, a po analýzach ich niekedy spravíme a niekedy nie," Mike Suffredini, NASA programový manažér vesmírnej stanice povedal začiatkom týždňa.
"Máme celkom veľkú istotu v tomto konkrétnom prípade, že to je perfektne," Suffredini povedal reportérom.
NASA sa veľmi horlivo zaujíma o vesmírnu kabínu Soyuz postavenú Rusmi, pretože niekedy prepravuje Američanov na a z vesmírnej stanice, tiež slúži ako záchranný čln. Keď už tieto vesmírne vozidlá budú staré v 2010, Soyuz bude výhradným prostriedkom transportácie ľudí až do 2015, kedy nové americké vesmírne lode budú prenášať posádky.
Títo dvaja Rusi, urobia ďalší vesmírny pochod v utorok aby predviedli rutinnú prácu na vesmírnej stanici.

by Paulina Neshybova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Seba rozliÅ¡ovanie nie je výsada iba vyšších primátov. Straky v teste so zrkadlom dosiahli výsledky hodné Å¡imp

''Straky, ako jediné z vtákov preukázali schopnosÅ¥ seba rozpoznania'', zverejnil tento týždeň vedecký časopis PloS Biology. Skupina nemeckých vedcov vtáky podrobila experimentu so zrkadlom, pri ktorom sa ukázalo, že väčšina testovaných zvierat na obraz nereagovala ako na druhé zviera, ale práve naopak.

Správa podobného kalibru môže maÅ¥ fantastický dopad na rekonÅ¡trukciu evolučnej línie vlastného vedomia u živočíchov. Fakt, že niekoľko druhov vtákov by mohlo podobné vlastnosti 'vyšších primátov' preukazovaÅ¥, vnáša chaos do súčasne platnej teórie o jednej línii. Podľa nej sa vtáky a cicavce vyvinuli zo spoločného predchodcu v dobe niečo pred 300,000 rokmi. Ich vtedy jednoduchý mozog sa vÅ¡ak začal vyvíjaÅ¥ nezávislo od toho druhého, pričom sa cicavcom začala tvoriÅ¥ brázdená Å¡edá kôra mozgová, tzv. neokortex, ktorá je nositeľom viacerých vyspelých funkcií, medzi iným, aj vedomia. Mozog cicavcov sa zväčšoval a komplikoval, čím vyústil do línie človeka. Vtáky v ohľade mozgových schopností dávno zaostali. A napriek tomu sa táto schopnosÅ¥ objavila práve tu, poukazuje, že vedomie u vtákov pracuje na inom princípe, keďže neokortex postrádajú.

Straka (Pica), vták z čeľade krkavcovitých (Corvidae) je už oddávna považovaný za prirodzene inteligentné, ak nie prefíkané zviera. Pre svoje 'rozumové' schopnosti si vyslúžila miesto v legendách, bájkach a iných príbehoch. Pravdou je že okrem rodičovskej starostlivosti, preukazuje aj isté 'remeselné' schopnosti, či už pri stavbe hniezda alebo získavaní potravy. V predchádzajúcich experimentoch straka dokázala zobákom ohnúť kus drôtu, ktorý potom umne zapracovala do konÅ¡trukcie hniezda, takisto ním vylovila potravu z dna hlbokej trúbky.

Skupina pod vedením Helmuta Priora, z InÅ¡titútu psychológie na Goetheho Univerzite vo Frankfurte opakovane vystavila päticu vtákov pohľadu do zrkadla. Vtáky predtým označila žltými či červenými bodkami tak, aby neboli viditeľné priamo na tele, ale až v zrkadle. Výsledky odhalili, že tri z piatich testovaných zvierat po zhliadnutí vlastného obrazu veľmi skoro znížilo typické spoločenské správanie.
Obraz v zrkadle, či hladine u drvivej väčšiny druhov vyvolal rôzne reakcie od snahy o priblíženie sa k 'novému' zvieraÅ¥u, tanec či dokonca útok. Tieto výsledky posilnili teóriu, že zvieratá si vlastný obraz neuvedomili.

Tri z piatich strák sa teda namiesto očakávaného konceptu zastavili a začali si obraz pozorne prehliadaÅ¥. Niektoré z nich sa dokonca pozerali aj za zrkadlo. Keď zbadali farebné body, začali sa ich dotýkaÅ¥ nie na ploche zrkadla, ale na vlastnom tele. Tri z piatich zvierat zrkadlo použilo ako nástroj na odstránenie farebnej Å¡kvrny. Neskôr strávili relatívne dosÅ¥ času obzeraním sa v zrkadle. Zvieratá si mohli vybraÅ¥ medzi dvoma stenami klietky, pričom jedna bola vyplnená zrkadlom a tá druhá hladkou, avÅ¡ak nereflexnou plochou. ZvyÅ¡ná dvojica, ktorá na svoj obraz útočila, sa čoskoro presunula na druhú stranu, pričom sa dlhodobo snažila vyhnúť priamemu pohľadu do zrkadla.

Napriek tomu, že reakcie boli rozličné, poukázali na to, že niektoré z týchto, azda inteligenčne najvyvinutejších vtákov s relatívne veľkým mozgom, schopnosÅ¥ alebo predpoklad seba rozliÅ¡ovania naozaj majú.




related story: http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202

by Milota Sidorova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>


posted by Lucia Adamova

Evolution Self Conscience Line Theory Seems to be Broken. Magpies Proved to Recognize Themselves in the Mirror. by Milota Sidorova

Magpies tend to have self recognition skills, reported journal Plos Biology this week. Group of German scientists provided mirror test in which major part of subjects recognized themselves as individuals not the other animal.
Peeking around, this can be more than fantastic hint to develop and reconstruct the evolution line, ending up with humans as fully conscious species.

The fact that even few of birds have ability to recognize themselves crosses previous theory, linked with the only one evolution line, where self conscience appeared only within few species of higher mammals like dolphins, elephants, chimpanzees and orangutans. Birds, that had the same ancestor with mammals for about 300,000 years ago seem to create more divided self conscience line.
Still, those skills have appeared only within the smartest crow family.

However, until now, the ability of self conscience has been marked up with structured brain neocortex, peculiar only to mammals. Magpies as well as the rest of the birds do not have neocortex – so the mechanism tends to work in different way in this case.

Magpies, known as one of the smartest birds in the world, that had already taken their places in lot of fairy tales are social behaving birds. Except of parental care they show tool making skills, specially in case of nest building. Last year it was magpie, that curved wire into hook to build up its place. Magpies are able to even lift food from the table.

During the experiment five magpies were exposed to mirror several times. Scientists had marked them with a red and a yellow dot, that couldn't be seen directly, but in the mirror. Results were more than surprising. Three of five animals decreased social behavior, when exposed in front of the mirror.
Experiment with other species proved social behavior like dancing, observing and trying to attack the image. This could lead into a thesis, the animal didn't recognize its image, it has recognized it as the other individual.
Three of five magpies decreased social behavior and spent more time observing the image. Finally, when seen the hidden dots, they begun to touch and scratch it, not on the image, but on their own bodies.
Animals could choose between two corners of the cage, one with a mirror, the second with a non reflective plate. The rest of the group spent more time in front of the second corner, trying to avoid direct look into the mirror.

The reactions were different, but showed that some of them do have their self recognition skills better developed.
Magpies, on the contrary to the rest of bird group have more differed and bigger brain, that consequently raises the possibility to be smarter.


related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080819/sc_nm/magpies_mirrohttp://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202

by Milota Sidorova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Na Sahare objavili prastarý cintorín by Martina Janeckova

Paul Sereno z chicagskej univerzity a jeho kolegovia hľadali v Nigeri pozostatky dinosaurov, keď sa im podarilo nájsť pozostatky cintorína. Detaily o objave poskytli na tlačovej konferencii 14. augusta 2008. V rokoch 2005 a 2006 sa na tomto mieste našlo približne 200 ľudských hrobov a tiež pozostatky zvierat, ktoré ale nežijú v púšti. Helene Jousse, zooarcheologička z múzea prírodnej histórie vo Viedni, Rakúsko povedala, že tu nájdené kosti zvierat boli z druhov dnes bežných pre oblasť Serengeti v Keni, ako napr. slony, žirafy, byvolce stepné a svine bradavičnaté. Sereno povedal, že zistili, že sú v zelenej Sahare. Cintorín sa nachádza v regióne Gobero, v nigerskej púšti Tenere, ale v tom čase tam pravdepodobne mohlo byť jazero. Ľudské pozostatky pochádzajú z 2 vzdialených populácií, ktoré tu žili počas daždivých období, medzi ktorými bolo obdobie sucha. Prvá skupina, nazývaná Kiffian, kolonizovala Saharu pred 10,000 až 8,000 rokmi. Chris Stojanowski, bioarcheológ z Arizonskej štátnej univerzity povedal, že ryhy na stehennej kosti muža zo skupiny Kiffian ukazujú, že mal na nohách veľké svaly, „čo naznačuje, že jedol veľa proteínov a mal aktívny a náročný životný štýl.“ Druhá skupina, nazývaná Tenerians, tu žila pred 7,000 až 4,500 rokmi. Teneriánci boli menší a mali zmiešanú ekonomiku zahŕňajúcu lov, rybárčenie a chov dobytka. Hroby často obsahovali šperky alebo rituálne polohy. Napríklad zrnká peľu nám ukazujú, že žena a dve deti boli pochované na posteli z kvetov. Zatiaľ čo dnes je Sahara púšťou, v dávnych dobách v dôsledku malého rozdielu v obežnej dráhe Zeme sezónne monzúny zavlažovali krajinu a priťahovali ľudí aj zvieratá.

by Martina Janeckova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>


posted by Lucia Adamova

Ancient cemetery found in Sahara by Martina Janeckova

Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago and his colleagues were searching for the remains of dinosaurs in Niger when they found remains of cemetery. The details were provided at a news conference on August 14, 2008. Approximately 200 graves of humans were found at the site in 2005 and 2006 as well as remains of animals, which don’t live in the desert. Helene Jousse, a zooarchaeologist from the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, Austria said that the animal bones found here were from types common today in the Serengeti, Kenya, such as elephants, giraffes, hartebeests and warthogs. Sereno said they realized they were in the green Sahara. The graveyard is situated in a region called Gobero, in Niger’s Tenere Desert, but at that time there would have been a lake. The human remains dated from 2 distinct populations that lived there during wet times, with a dry period between. The first group, called Kiffian, colonized Sahara between 10.000 and 8.000 years ago. Chris Stojanowski, a bioarcheologist from Arizona State University said ridges on the thigh bone of one Kiffian man show he had huge leg muscles, “which suggests he was eating a lot of protein and had an active, strenuous lifestyle.” The second group, called Tenerians lived there between 7.000 and 4.500 years ago. The Tenerians were smaller and had a mixed economy of hunting, fishing and cattle herding. The burials often included jewelry or ritual poses. For instance pollen remains show a woman and two children were buried on a bed of flowers. While Sahara is a desert today, earlier because of small difference in Earth’s orbit seasonal monsoons wetted the landscape and attracted people and animals.

by Martina Janeckova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>


posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Broenje zborovi za brojki by Zivka Deleva

Kako možeme da broime bez brojki? Lugeto čii jazici sodržat brojki ne može da go zamislat toa. Vsušnost postojat luge koi nemaat poveke zborovi otkolku za eden ili dva. Kako i da e, spored naučnicite tie se sposobni da prepoznaat kvantitet. "Tvrdime deka lugeto poseduvaat vroden sistem za enumeracija koj ne se potpira na zborovi," izjavi Brajan Batervurt od Institutot za kognitivna nevrologija na Univerzitetot Koledz vo London. So cel da se poddrži ovaa ideja Batervurt sporeduvaše dve grupi avstralijanci, da bidam poprecizna, aboridzinski deca koi imaat samo nekolku brojki so deca koi zboruvaat angliski. 13 deca koi zboruvaat angliski od Melburn, 20 koi zboruvaat varlpin i 12 deca koi zboruvaat anindiljakva od vozrast od 4 do 7 bea vklučeni. Decata pominaa niz grupa testiranja vklučuvajki go i značenjeto na terminot delenje koga trebaše da distribuiraat nekolku predmeti pomegu igrački mečinja, test za memorija kade tie trebaše da zapametat razni brojni belezi i drugo. "Pronajdovme deka varlpiri i anindilkakva decata izvedoa tolku dobro, a duri i podobro kako i decata koi zboruvaat angliski na golem rank na zadači, i broenja da 9, i pokraj toa što tie nemaat zborovi za broevite," zakluči Batervurt. Rezultatite od testovite bea pomalku ili poveke slični za site deca, no nikoj ne go izrabotil testot 100 procentno. Kako i da e, isto taka ima skeptični glasovi. Edvard A. Gibson od oddelot za mozok i kognitivni nauki na Institutot za tehnologija vo Masačusets ne se soglasuva so izjavata deka razbiranjeto na točnite brojki ne zavisi od jazikot. "So cel da go demonstrirame posakuvaniot zaklučok, avtorite treba da ocenuvaat vozrasna grupa od deca koi voopšto nemaat zborovi za brojki vo nivnite jazici, kade učesnicite so zborovi za brojkite ke imaat možnost da napravat 100 procentna preciznost. Togaš efektite od nedostigot na zborovite koi značat broj ke može da bidat oceneti vo populacijata koja ima takov jazik vo koj nedostigaat vakvite zborovi," izjavi toj.

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080819/sc_afp/sciencebritainaustraliaaborigineslanguage;_ylt=Au3Z2CFp9F7lI7PrJ5IxE4ys0NUE

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Stanuvajki lider by Zivka Deleva

Verojatno sekoj od nas (barem ednaš vo životot) sakal da stane šef. Ne e važno dali toj sakal da stane lider na nekoja velosipedska banda, šahovski klub ili na nekoja mala devojčinska grupa. No želbata e edna rabota, a realnosta druga. Nekoi od nas ne samo što kopneat po vakov vid mok, no isto taka ja imaat. Možebi nivnata sposobnost da vodat drugi luge, poradi nivnata sposobnost da govorat, možebi ednostavno bile popularni i ubavi - poentata e deka liderot treba da bide cenet od nekoja pričina koja go pravi šef. Sega zamislete deka vašiot socijalen status može da bidat pod vlijanie ne samo od prirodata i rabotite koi sme gi nasledile od roditelite, no isto taka i od načinot na ishrana - rabotite koi gi jademe. Zamislete deka hranata koja ja jadete dodeka ste mladi može da vlijae na vašata idnina i vašiot socijalen status. Ako sega započnete da razmisluvate za site vidovi hrana koi nekogaš ste gi jadele, ne grižete se - ova otkritie nema vrska so čovečkiot vid! Nučnicite proučuvajki gi žetvenite mravki na Florida vodeni od biologot Endrju Suarez otkrile, deka idninata na mravkite e odredena od prirodata kako i od ishranata.
Dodeka za maškite ima samo eden socijalen život koj se sodrži od "ne pravenje ništo, samo plodenje i umiranje," za ženkite ima "tri socijalni krajni točki" izjavi Smit, poranešen diplomiran student od Univerzitot vo Ilinois i postdoktorantski istražuvač na Arizona državniot univerzitet. Ženkite može da imaat predodredeno da stanat kralici, pomali ili pogolemi rabotnici. Gines, kako što poinaku e narečena kralicata mravka, e sekogaš najgolemata vo celata mravja kolonija. Naučnicite rabotea so 8 različni mravji kolonii, testirajki okolu 1200 mravki. Osven istražuvajeto na ulogata na ishranata vo odreduvanje na socijalniot status, tie isto taka otkrija deka novorodenčinjata na nekoi tatkovci imaat pogolemi šansi da stanat gines otkolku sledbenicite na drugi mažjaci. Biolozite isto taka go analiziraa načinot na ishrana na mravkite koga tie se vo faza na stanuvanje vozrasni od larvi. Rezultatite pokažaa deka onie mravki koi jadele poveke meso imaat povisoko nivo na azot i tie jadat povisoko na sindzirot na ishrana od poveketo pogolemi i pomali rabotnici. I pokraj toa što rezultatite ukažuvaat i na prirodata i načinot na ishrana, sé ušte ostanuvaat nekoi prašanja. Edno od niv e kako ovie dva faktori funkcioniraat - dali e priroda ili ishrana ona što vlijae na socijalniot status poveke, ili e kombinacija na dvata faktori toa što ja odreduva sudbinata na mravkata dali ke bide kralica ili rabotnik?

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20080819/sc_livescience/keystoantsocialstatusfound;_ylt=AlNIVeFRtuMdYXsuQyATW4ms0NUE

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Do you remember me? by Barbora Misakova

Walking down the street full of people. People standing near the news stand, people sitting at the coffee terraces or benches. People are just everywhere you look. As you are walking through this crowd something catches your eye. You noticed one familiar face in this big group of foreign and unknown faces. And even though you don't know who that person is, you know for sure, that you have already seen his or her face somewhere. You can't remember where did you meet this person, and you hardly can remember her name, but you remember the most important thing – the face. How is it possible that we are remembering faces of people we met just once in our life? Or why is it such a problem to remember the name of a person when we have no problems with recognition his or her face among lot of other faces? Neuroscientists know the answer – fusiform face area.

Scientists found out that in our brain there is one pea-sized region which reacts more strongly to faces than any other objects – fusiform face area or FFA. Cars, dogs, houses or body parts are then hardly to recognize because, as the scientists say, FFA is specialized system which is dedicated to processing faces. So what is the FFA? FFA system is a small area of our brain which lies halfway back in the head. Most of the people have two FFAs – one on the right and one on the left side of the head, but the right one is dominant. Researchers say that the answer on a question “Why are we able to recognize faces?” lies in the evolution. They say that primates and humans had their brains developed for easy and quick spotting of friend and foe which helped our primate ancestors to stay alive. Scientists identified the FFA ten years ago when they were scanning human and monkey brains with functional magnetic resonance imaging (also called fMRI). These days fMRI enables them to zoom in and study brain tissue even closer than it was before. As Kalanit Grill-Spector, a neuroscientist at Stanford University in Palo Alto said “it's like viewing grains of sugar rather than the whole cube.” Except understanding how we are able to recognize faces, this discovery can help with preventing or treating depression, autism or social disorders.

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080821/wl_mcclatchy/3024518;_ylt=AlPD.XUrDqrpE8RItMAO4aGs0NUE

by Barbora Misakova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>


posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Pamätáte si ma? by Barbora Misakova

Prechádzate dolu ulicou plnou ľudí. Ľudia stojaci na rohu a debatujúci, ľudia čakajúci v rade pri novinovom stánku, ľudia sediaci na terasách kaviarní či lavičkách, ľudia čakajúci na autobus. Kamkoľvek sa pozriete, len samí cudzí ľudia. Ako tak prechádzate cez tento dav, niečo zrazu zbadáte. Zbadáte jednu jedinú známu tvár v celom tomto dave cudzích a neznámych tvárí. A hoci neviete kto tá osoba v skutočnosti je, ste si viac ako istý, že ste sa už niekde aspoň raz stretli. Nepamätáte si kde to bolo, a už vôbec si neviete spomenúť na meno, avšak v pamäti vám zostala jedna dôležitá vec – tá tvár! Ako je možné, že si pamätáme ľudí, ktorých sme videli a stretli čo i len jediný raz? A prečo je to pre nás taký veľký problém, spomenúť si na meno osoby, ktorej tvár sme naopak schopní bez problémov rozoznať v dave? Neurovedci poznajú odpoveď – fusiform face area.

Vedci zistili, že v našom mozgu sa nachádza oblasť veľká asi ako hrášok, ktorá reaguje na tváre oveľa silnejšie ako na ostatné objekty – táto časť nášho mozgu sa označuje aj skratkou FFA. Autá, psy, domy či časti tela sú potom ťahšie rozoznateľné pretože, ako tvrdia vedci, FFA je špecializovaný systém, ktorý je určený na vybavovanie a spracovávanie tvárí. FFA systém je teda malá oblasť nášho mozgu, ktorá leží v zadnej časti našej hlavy. Väčšina ľudí má dve FFA – jeden na pravej a druhý na ľavej strane hlavy, pričom však FFA ležiaci napravo je dominantný. Výskumníci vravia, že odpoveď na otázku “Prečo sme schopní rozoznávať tváre?” leží v evolúcii. Podľa nich primáti a ľudia mali svoje mozgy vyvinuté tak, aby dokázali rýchlo a jednoducho rozoznať priateľa od nepriateľa. Vďaka tomuto genetickému prispôsobeniu boli naši opičí predkovia schopní prežiť. Vedci identivikovali FFA pred desiatimi rokmi, keď skenovali ľudský a opičí mozog s pomocou funkčnej magnetickej rezonancie (tiež fMRI). Dnes je fMRI schopná priblížiť jednotlivé časti mozgu a tak umožniť štúdium mozgových tkanív v oveľa väčšej blízkosti. Ako povedal Kalanit Grill-Spector, neurologický vedec na Standfordskej Univerzite v Palo Alto, “je to ako keby ste sa pozerali na kryštáliky cukru, miesto celej kocky.” Okrem pochopenia procesov, akými človek rozoznáva tváre, je tento objav prínosom aj v iných oblatiach – môže pomocť najmä pri predchádzaní a liečení depresií, autizmu či sociálnych porúch.

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080821/wl_mcclatchy/3024518;_ylt=AlPD.XUrDqrpE8RItMAO4aGs0NUE

by Barbora Misakova for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Teorijata za evolucija na samo svesnosta se čini skršena. Magpies dokažaa deka možat da se poznaat sebesi vo ogledalo

Magpies se čini deka imaat veština na samo priznavanje, izvesti žurnalot Plos Biologz ovaa nedela. Grupa germanski naučnici sprovedoa test so ogledalo vo koe pogolemiot del od ispitanicite se prepoznaa sebesi kako individui, a ne kako drugi životni.
Razgleduvajki na site strani ova može da bide fantastična pomoš da se razvie i rekonstruira evolutivnata linija, završuvajki so lugeto kako kompletno svesni vidovi.

Faktot deka duri i nekoi ptici ja imaat sposobnosta da se prepoznaat sebesi ja prekrstuva prethodnata teorija, povrzana so edinstvenata evolutivna linija, kade samo svesnosta se pojavuva samo vo nekolku vidovi od povisok stepen na cicačite kako delfinite, slonovite, šimpanzata i orangutanite. Pticite, koi go imale istiot predok kako i cicačite od pred 300000 godini se čini deka sozdavaat podelena samosvesna linija. Sepak, vakvite veštini se pojavile samo kaj najpametnite gavrani.

Kako i da e, dosega, sposobnosta za samospoznavanje e označena so strukturiran mozočen neokorteks, tipičen za cicačite. Magpies kako i ostanatite ptici nemaat neokorteks - taka što mehanizmot raboti na poinakov način vo ovoj slučaj.

Magpie, poznati kako najpametni ptici na svetot, koi veke se odneseni na mnogu mesta vo bajkite se druželjubivi ptici. Osven roditelskata griža tie pokažuvaat veština za pravenje alatki, osobeno vo slučaj na gradenje na gnezdo. Poslednata godina magpie iskrivi cela žica koja ja vmetna vo gradbata na svoeto živealište.
Tie se sposobni duri i da podignat hrana od masata.

Za vreme na eksperimentot 5 ptici se izloženi pred ogledalo nekolku pati. Naučnicite gi obeležale so crveni i žolti točki, koi ne možele da bidat videni direktno, tuku vo ogledaloto. Rezultatite bile poveke od iznenaduvački. Tri od pette ptici go namalile stepenot na druželjubivost, koga bile izloženi pred ogledalo.
Ekperimentite so drugi vidovi dokažalo odnesuvanje kako tancuvanje, nabljuduvanje i obid da se napadne slikata. Ova može da vodi kon tezata deka životnite ne ja prepoznavaat svojata slika, tuku se prepoznavaat kako drugi individui.
Tri od pette ptici se povlekle i pominale poveke vreme nabljuduvajki ja slikata. Konečno, koga gi videle skrienite točki, započnale da gi dopiraat i da se češaat, no ne na slikata tuku na svoite tela.
Životnite može da odberat pomegu dva agli na kafezot, eden so ogledalo, i vtoriot so nereflektivna ploča. Ostatokot od grupata pominal poveke vreme vo vtoriot agol, obiduvajki se da izbegne direkten pogled vo ogledaloto.
Reakciite bile različni, no pokažale deka nekoi od niv imaat sposobnost da se prepoznaat. Magpies, za razlika od ostanatite ptici, imaat mnogu pogolem mozok, što posledovatelno ja zgolemuva možnosta da bidat popametni.

related story: http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080819/sc_nm/magpies_mirrohttp://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova

Chris Cantell Discusses Science: Prastari grobišta pronajdeni vo Sahara by Zivka Deleva

Pol Serano od Univezitetot vo Čikago i negovite kolegi baraa ostatoci od dinosaurusi vo Niger koga najdoa ostatoci od grobišta. Detalite bea otkrieni na pres konferencijata na 14 avgust 2008 godina. Otprilika 200 čovečki grobovi se najdeni na lokacijata pomegu 2005 i 2006 godina kako i ostatoci od životni, koi ne živeat vo pustina. Helen Dzus, zooarheolog od Muzejot za prirodna istorija vo Viena, Avstrija izjavi deka koskite od životnite koi se pronajdeni se voobičaeni denes vo Serengeti, Kenija, kako slonovi, žirafi, eleni i nosorozi. Serano izjavi deka tie bile vo zelenata Sahara. Grobištata e locirana vo regionot narečen Gobero, vo pustinata Tenere vo Niger, no vo toa vreme tamu imalo ezero verojatno. Čovečkite ostatoci datiraat pomegu 2 odredeni populacii koi živeele tamu za vreme na vodenite vreminja, so suv period pomegu. Prvata grupa, narečena Kifan, ja kolonizirala Sahara pred 10000 i 8000 godini. Kris Stojanovski, bioarheolog od Arizona državniot univerzitet veli deka brazdite na koskite na Kifanski čovk pokažuvaat deka tie imale ogromni nožni muskuli, "što pak samo po sebe pretpostavuva deka tie jadele mnogu proteini i imale aktiven, energičn životen stil." Vtorata grupa, narečena Tenerians živeela tamu pred 7000 i 4500 godini. Tereniancite bile pomali i imale mešana ekonomija na lovenje, ribolovenje i odgleduvanje na stada. Pogrebuvanjata obično vklučuvale nakit ili ritualni pozi. Na primer, ostatocite od polenot pokažuvaat deka ženata i dve deca bile zakopani na krevet so cvekinja. Dodeka Sahara e pustina denes, porano poradi malata razlika vo Orbitata na Zemjata sezonski monsuni go natopuvale prostorot i gi privlekuvale lugeto i životnite.

by Zivka Deleva for PocketNews (http://pocketnews.tv)

PocketNews is a new real-time news broadcaster delivering the latest and hottest news right to your pocket ! With global clients who want to be kept up to date, PocketNews is everyone's way of keeping in touch with the World.<br><br><font size=2>These news are original content from young talents around the world and are selected for you by Chris Cantell.</font><br>



posted by Lucia Adamova